INSTRUCTIONAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE POOR PERFORMANCE IN SCHOOL CERTIFICATE ENGLISH LANGUAGE BY STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this study was to examine the instructional problems associated with the poor performance in school certificate English Language by students. Research questions and hypotheses were set to guide the study. Survey research design was employed in the study because it helps in collecting and analyzing data on issues as they exist. The study covered the nine (9) secondary schools in Uyo Local Government Area. The population of the study comprises all the secondary school students in Uyo Local Government Area.
Five (5) schools were purposively selected out of (9) schools in the Area, of study using random sampling technique. The instrument used was questionnaire designed to elicit responses on the subject of study. Data collection was done personally by the researchers with help of three research assistant. Copies of the questionnaire were distributed and collected on the spot. This is to ensure adequate return rate. The data collected were analyzed using the chi-square statistical tool from the statistical package for social sciences.
Instructional Problems Associated with the Poor Performance in School Certificate English Language by Students
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
To teach is to communicate. There are three key components to effective communication.
They include the source of the information, the intended recipients, and the message to be communicated.
The practice of maximizing the effectiveness, efficiency, and appeal of teaching and learning experiences is referred to as instructional, according to Wikipedia Encyclopedia. The process entails identifying the learner’s needs and current state, specifying the intended outcome of instruction, and developing some sort of “intervention” to help with the transfer of information. Learning strategies such as problem-solving, critical thinking, memory, and language may be the focus of instruction.
Dick and Carcy (2004), presented an instructional model which addressed instruction as an entire system, focusing on the inter-relationship between contest, content, learning and instruction. According to Han, the component such as the instructor, learners, materials, instructional activities, delivery system, learning and performance environments interacts with each other and work together to bring about the desired student learning outcomes. Horaby (2001), defined problem as anything that is difficult to deal with or to understand, therefore the problem associated with the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning processes could be centered on its misuse with the set objectives. It could be regarded as obstacles against the smooth process of communication with the learners.
According to Ashby (2001), performance refers to how well or badly somebody do something; meanwhile instructional problem affects the academic performance of the students. If the processes used in communicating with the students is not smooth or the instructional material is misuse with the set objective, then the students will perform negatively. Instructional problems therefore are those obstacles that pose difficulty in dealing with in the process of communicating skills, attitudes and values to the learner.
These obstacles which among others include:
Methodologies: According to Abdullahi (2009), methodologies employ in any teaching matters in that it acts as a driver that drives the instructions to the learner. Meanwhile if wrong methodology is employ to a particular instruction while teaching it present confusion to the learner.
Wrong usage of the Instructional Materials with the set Objective: The set objective is a point of focus of the teacher while teaching. Akinsoba (2009) added that the usage of instructional material should be done in accordance with the set objective otherwise it leads the learners far from what they ought to understand on a particular topic.
Improvisation of Instructional Materials:
According to Dahar, M.A., Faize, F.A., Nywaz, A. and Dahar, R.T., (2010), improvisation is making something or someone using whatever is available usually because you do not have what you really need. It presents obstacle to communicating skills, attitudes and values improvisation does not suit the topic because improvisation are made when there is no instructional materials. Okeke (2009) stressed on the need to provide adequate instructions for the teaching and learning of English language.
Lack of Instructional Materials:
Some of the topics being treated or thought in English Language do not lend themselves to usage of instructional materials. Onuigbo (2003) outline some of the topics in English Language that do not lend themselves to instructional materials, these include word stress, sentence stress, intonation and the second system of English. Nelson-Jones, R. (1996) published an influential taxonomy of what he termed the three domains of learning; cognitive (what one knows or think), psychomotor (what one does physically) and affective (what one feels or the attitude one has). These taxonomies as stated by him are what instructional material touches, so any topic that does not have instructional materials cannot reflect to the cognitive, psychomotor and affective domain of the learners. Sweller (2006), measured the effects of working memory load, and found that lack of instructional materials has a direct effect on the performance of the learners.
Language of Instruction:
The language used while teaching with instructional materials matters. Langdon (1998) added that the outcomes of this instruction may be directly observable and scientifically misused or completed and assumed when it is used with wrong language. Languages of instruction have far reading implications on the performance of the students in various areas. One of the areas is in School Certificate English language. Poor performances have been recorded in School Certificate English Language in recent times. According to Richard (1999) the poor performance of students could be attribute to misuse of instructions, wrong application of methodologies to reflect to cognitive, psychomotor and Affective domains of the learners. It will not be out of place for one to blame these poor performances on the instructional process. Poor performance in school certificate English language is an unacceptable development in the students’ carrier.
In this study, instructional problems associated with the poor performance of student in school certificate English language will be determine, with particular reference to those in Uyo Local Government Are.
Instructional Problems Associated with the Poor Performance in School Certificate English Language by Students
1.2 Statement of the Problems
The aim of instruction is to inculcate into learners, the ability to build on what they already understand. Instructional problems are those obstacles that pose difficulties in dealing with in the process of communication skills, attitudes and values to the learners. The problems which among others include; the language of instruction, methodologies, lack of instructional materials with the set objectives and the problem of improvisation of instructional materials; these problems affect the academic performance of the students. It was on this ground that the researchers choose to write on the instructional problems associated with the poor performance in school certificate English language by students in UyoLocal Government Area, Enugu State.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The purpose of the study is to find out, the instructional problems associated with the poor performance in English Language by students in Enugu North. Specifically, the study aims to find out:
- The extent to which poor methodologies pose problems to instructions while teaching English Language.
- The extent to which lack of instructional materials pose problem in teaching of English Language.
- The extent to which wrong use of instructional materials contribute to poor performance in English Language.
1.4 Research Questions
The following research questions were formulated to guide the study.
- To what extent does poor teaching methodology pose problems in instructions while teaching English language?
- To what extent does lack of instructional materials affect the teaching of English Language?
- To what extent does wrong usage of instructional materials contribute to the poor performance of students in school certificate English Language?
1.5 Research hypotheses
The study developed the following hypotheses, these include:
H0: There is no significant relationship between poor teaching methodologies and ineffective English language lesson.
H1: There is a significant relationship between poor teaching methodologies and ineffective English language lesson.
H20: There is no significant relationship between lack of instructional materials and ineffective English language lesson.
H21: There is a significant relationship between lack of instructional materials and ineffective English language lesson.
H30: There is no significant relationship between wrong usage of instructional materials and students poor performance in school certificate.
H31: There is a significant relationship between wrong usage of instructional materials and students’ poor performance in school certificate.
Instructional Problems Associated with the Poor Performance in School Certificate English Language by Students
1.6 Significance of the Study
The usefulness of this research work in the educational system cannot be over emphasized. If the result of the study is properly utilized, it is going to be of benefit to the students, teachers and policy makers.
The research work will help to educate students on the instructional problems associated in teaching and learning English Language.
The study will disclose to the teachers the obstacles that pose problem in dealing within the process of communicating skills, attitude and values to the learner.
The study will also disclose the topics that do not have instructional material, so that the government can help and make provision of such materials.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study focuses on the instructional problems associated with the poor performance in school certificate English language by students in Uyo Local Government Area.
Lawson Peter – Chief Editor in Projectvilla Nigeria. A writer and academic researcher.